NFL legend Calvin Johnson says he used cannabis after every game to relieve pain

One of the best wide receivers in NFL history says he resorted to cannabis to seek solace from his pain—and to avoid getting tangled in the opioid abuse taking place in the locker rooms.

In an interview with Sports Illustrated, former Detroit Lions player Calvin Johnson highlighted how players coped with the beatings they took on the field.

“When I got to the league, [there] was opioid abuse,” he told Sports Illustrated’s Michael Rosenberg. “You really could go in the training room and get what you wanted. I can get Vicodin, I can get Oxy[contin]. It was too available. I used Percocet and stuff like that. And I did not like the way that made me feel. I had my preferred choice of medicine. Cannabis.”

While injuries weren’t the primary reason he retired at the prime age of 30, Johnson took a “super conservative” guess, saying he suffered at least nine concussions as a pro athlete—one for each season he played in the league.

He told Sports Illustrated it became routine.

“Bam, hit the ground real hard. I’m seeing stars; I can’t see straight,” he said. “But I know in a couple minutes I’m gonna be fine. Because I’ve done that plenty of times before.”

Calvin Johnson #81 of the Detroit Lions says he used cannabis to relieve his pain after games.

While the NFL is adopting a number of policies to improve players’ well-being, the inclusion of marijuana in a study looking at alternative medicine has been a hot topic.

But the league’s chief medical officer told the Los Angeles Times he wants more conclusive research. “I think that the science, unfortunately, has lagged behind a lot of the popular opinion and press on this,” Dr. Allen Sills said. “We have a lot more opinion than we do science on the use of marijuana for pain.”

Since setting records while grinding on the gridiron, Johnson has opened his own cannabis dispensary this year and teamed up with Harvard to study how medical cannabis affects chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a degenerative brain disease caused by multiple concussions.

Other football legends like Joe Montana have invested in cannabis firms while Rob Gronkowski and Terrell Davis are tied to companies that sell CBD products.

Heavy marijuana use may lower sperm quality, new study shows

Whether or not marijuana use causes fertility problems and negatively affects sperm remains inconclusive as studies on the topic are mixed. 

Research has shown that moderate cannabis use can increase sperm counts, but another study found that THC in cannabis can lead to pronounced genetic changes in sperm

An estimated one in seven US adults uses marijuana. With more and more states legalizing medicinal and recreational marijuana, it’s important to understand the effects of cannabis on sperm and if these changes hinder healthy fetal development. 

Researchers from the University of Copenhagen may be closer to understanding why the effects of cannabis use on sperm are so varied. 

Heavy cannabis users are more likely to have poor quality sperm the researchers found due to the way THC in cannabis interacts with the endocannabinoid system in the body. 

The endocannabinoid system is made up of endocannabinoid molecules, and cannabinoid receptors which are found all over the body. 

In a new study, the researchers analyzed testicle tissue from 15 men and pieces of the cannabis system were found within the tissue samples. 

The researchers say that heavy THC use may overwhelm cannabis receptors and disrupt signaling crucial to healthy sperm development.  

Moderate cannabis users may see some benefits, but heavy use could counter these benefits and lead to lower quality sperm in men. 

“The study provides new evidence supporting observations that recreational cannabis can have possible deleterious effects on human testicular function,” the researchers wrote in the study. 

The full findings of the study were published in the journal Scientific Reports

It’s time to finally learn the difference between CBD oil and hemp oil

Doesn’t it feel like you blinked and suddenly CBD oils are everywhere? In coffee shops, they mix them into lattes; in grocery stores, they line the beauty/pharmacy aisles. With tinctures specifically designed to help you relax at work or ease you into a good night’s sleep, all your stressed-out and sleep-deprived friends seem to be suddenly floating on a cloud of ease and comfort with their newfound CBD routines. But with so many new products and options all popping up so quickly, it’s hard not to have a million questions.

Will CBD Get Me High?

First things first: CBD is not the same thing that made you cough a lot and then scarf chips in high school. Most people use the words “cannabis,” “hemp,” and “marijuana” interchangeably, but cannabis is actually the name for the genus of plants.  All of the plants within the cannabis genus contain compounds called “phytocannabinoids” and there are dozens of different ones. The most well known are THC and CBD. THC is the only one that gets you “high.”

The leaves and flowers of marijuana plants are used to make joints and edibles because they typically contain 15-20% THC. CBD oils are made from the hemp plants, which contain, at most, 0.3% THC. That’s why CBD oils don’t get you high. 

Apparently CBD Is “Natural” – What Does That Really Mean? 

It’s easy to get caught up in the scientific terms when you’re just trying to figure out how CBD oil can help you relax after work, without the hangover you get when you suck down a bottle of wine to unwind. But, even though the terms can be complex, learning about the way CBD oils actually work in the body is actually pretty cool.

Humans (all mammals, actually) naturally produce compounds called “endocannabinoids.” Endo means “within”–as in, within your body. All these compounds work together to keep your body’s systems functioning normally, an interconnected network inside your body that’s of course called the Endocannabinoid System.

Phytocannabinoids like CBD (phyto meaning “plant”–as in, a compound that occurs naturally in a plant) work with the Endocannabinoid System. Basically, if you regularly deplete yourself through stressful workdays and activity-filled weekends, a CBD oil can help.

What’s the Difference Between Hemp Seed Oil and CBD Oil?

Many CBD products are made from “hemp extract oil”—and the word “extract” in there is key, because there are also products called “hemp seed oil.” Despite sounding exactly the same (confusing), hemp seed oil is actually a different thing. 

Hemp seed oil, also sometimes called “hemp oil”, is derived from the seeds of the hemp plant only, no phytocannabinoids there. The oil is rich in healthy omega-3 fatty acids, so it can do wonders for your skin, but beyond that it doesn’t have the same benefits as a CBD oil. It’s important to look out for this distinction to make sure you’re getting what you’re actually looking for.

The hemp extract oils that are the basis of CBD products are made from the flowers and leaves of the hemp plant, where all those beneficial phytocannabinoids live.

What’s Actually In These CBD Oils?

CBD is the best known non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, but it’s only one of dozens that live in the leaves and flowers of the hemp plant. While each phytocannabinoid has its own health benefits, they actually work best when they’re consumed together, something scientists refer to as the “Entourage Effect.”

Some CBD oils contain only CBD, but some companies, like Charlotte’s Web, are using the science behind the Entourage Effect to make more complete hemp-derived supplements. For their CBD oils, Charlotte’s Web has grown their own full-spectrum proprietary genetics which allow all of the phytocannabinoids in the plant to work together in synergy. 

Their 17MG CBD oil is formulated  with first-time users in mind, so if you’re at the beginning of your CBD journey, it’s the perfect place to start. Alongside the 80 phytocannabinoids, the oil also contains naturally occurring terpenes, flavonoids, and other valuable hemp compounds that work synergistically to heighten the positive health benefits. The oil comes in four flavor options—Mint Chocolate, Lemon Twist, Orange Blossom, and Olive Oil—which can be a perfect boost in your morning power smoothie or lunchtime salad dressing, or enjoyed on their own.

So, This is a Natural Solution to Help Deal With My Everyday Stress?

Similar to the way the natural wine movement is promoting wines devoid of mystery dyes and chemicals, Charlotte’s Web takes care to ensure that the plants they use to make their products are free of contamination. They only intervene into the way the plants grow to account for the way human-made contaminants have affected an otherwise natural system.

Charlotte’s Web tests the soil they use for heavy metals before they plant, supervising the entire grow process of each seed that goes into that dirt. They make their oils using the entire plant and test the final product to ensure that each bottle contains the right levels of phytocannabinoids.

Any Other Questions? No? Good!

While there’s a lot of confusing language around CBD oils, once you break it down it’s actually easy to understand what you’re putting in your body and what benefits it can give you. CBD works with your body’s natural systems to help you manage everyday stress, sleep better, and function at a higher level—no matter what your day throws at you.

The best way to ensure that the CBD you’re taking is up to the standards you’d have for everything else you consume is to invest in products that you can trust, from companies with holistic practices like Charlotte’s Web. Ready to give it a try?

Cannabis and mental health: more grey than black and white

Concerns have been raised about the lack of knowledge of the benefits and harms regarding cannabis and mental health

In the UK there is strong public and political support for medical cannabis being available to patients who can benefit from it. As far back as 2016, a Populus poll found that 68% of the UK population supported the idea and last year’s change in the law to legalise medical cannabis in the UK was met with widespread political and public acclaim.

However, the fear that cannabis, even in its medical form, might be harmful still stalks much of the debate, particularly in the popular media – which makes links to mental disorders such as psychosis and schizophrenia.

Cannabis and mental health

Many health professionals are still concerned about safety which has, in part, led to the current unwillingness of NHS clinicians to prescribe the newly legalised compounds. So with many patients reporting that they consume medical cannabis to help with a wide range of health conditions, including alleviating the symptoms of mental health issues, we are in the paradoxical position that some people consume cannabis to help improve a mental health condition, whilst others view such consumption as a cause of those mental health issues, not a cure.

Media bias

Some aspects of the popular media delight in blaring out: ‘Consuming cannabis can lead to psychosis and even schizophrenia.’ Other ‘cannabis campaigners’ have an equally entrenched view that this is not the case.

The real situation is more nuanced than either of these positions. Having a debate based on such polarised views helps neither the public nor the medical professionals.

The true picture can only be ascertained by looking at evidence. For example, there is some new evidence around the effectiveness of CBD, a non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in cannabis, helping people live with schizophrenia. The randomised-control trial published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, funded by GW Research and the National Institute for Health Research showed that after six weeks of treatment, the group treated with CBD had lower levels of psychotic symptoms, and were more likely to have been rated improved and not as severely unwell by a clinician.

Limited evidence

This evidence is currently limited in scope, however, it should open the door for developing more evidence around this particular link, and also for securing evidence of efficacy or otherwise across a broader range of health issues, both physical and mental.

Stating that cannabis may contribute to symptoms of schizophrenia-like psychosis is an easy narrative because it’s been perpetuated for so long. What’s more difficult is employing rigorous science and the nuances required to have an evidence-informed discussion on this topic.

Genetics

While a link exists between cannabis and psychosis, it exists mostly for people who are heavy users of THC products and who have a predisposition to psychosis. In fact, one recent study suggests that genetics could account for about 69% to 84% of the link between cannabis and psychosis. It also bears mentioning that a majority of cannabis consumers experience neither psychosis nor go on to develop schizophrenia.

Further, from self-report surveys, research shows 19% of adult cannabis users were daily or near-daily users – i.e., those at the highest risk. This means that a majority of individuals who use cannabis are not doing so in ways that would potentially put them at risk for these commonly discussed, severe health issues.  The frequency of use of THC, and starting cannabis at a younger age, are also important risk factors for developing psychosis.

Framing the narrative

The narrative around psychosis and cannabis often ignores the importance of the varying social and structural factors that we know shape health outcomes. These factors have been essentially disregarded in this wider conversation around risk – things such as poverty or childhood trauma and abuse – many of which also increase levels of stress, a known risk factor for psychosis.

Unless the pressure to stigmatise cannabis is resisted and, by implication, cannabis-based medicines, and champion the role of solid evidence-based analysis we risk allowing the development of medical cannabis to be stunted.

That would be a tragedy for the potential patients and a failure on the part of the body medical, civic and political to explore all options that can help improve quality of life.

Dr Caroline MacCallum
Clinical instructor in the Department of Medicine at UBC
Medical director at Greenleaf Medical Clinic

@camaccallum

Dr. Jenna Valleriani
CEO National Institute for Cannabis Health and Education
Executive Director Hope for Health Canada
@jennav5

Caroline MacCallum is an internal medicine specialist with expertise in complex pain and cannabis, a clinical instructor in the Department of Medicine at UBC, and medical director at Greenleaf Medical Clinic. Jenna Valleriani is the CEO of the National Institute for Cannabis Health and Education, and executive director of Hope for Health Canada.

Dr MacCallum will be presenting at Medical Cannabis: What UK Doctors Need to Know being hosted by Sapphire Medical Clinics on the 29th October in London. To attend please register for your free ticket here.